Reviewed 6 September 2026

Part I: Domains

Data science

Library Description
NumPy 2.x N-dimensional arrays and vectorized operations. Foundation for most of the stack.
SciPy Optimization, integration, interpolation, linear algebra, statistics, signal processing.
pandas 3.0 Labelled tabular data. Copy-on-write and the PyArrow-backed string dtype are covered under data engineering.
Polars Alternative dataframe library; an expression API over a multithreaded Rust engine, with a lazy mode that plans the whole query before executing it.
statsmodels Statistical models, hypothesis tests, time series (ARIMA, state space).
scikit-learn Classical machine learning, preprocessing, model selection, pipelines.
marimo Reactive notebook stored as a plain .py file; runs as a script or an app.
Matplotlib / Seaborn Base plotting and statistical plots over it; publication output.
Altair Declarative charts based on the Vega-Lite grammar.
Bokeh, HoloViews / hvPlot Interactive plotting for larger datasets and dashboards.
Pint Physical units attached to arrays and scalars.

Reproducible analysis repository. uv project → marimo notebooks (.py) → Polars transforms → statsmodels → Altair charts → Parquet outputs

Because marimo notebooks are plain Python files, they diff and merge in git and can be imported by tests or run headless in CI. Data loading is separated into an importable module so the same code runs in the notebook and in the scheduled job. Outputs are written to a versioned directory rather than being read off the screen. The lockfile pins the environment the numbers were produced in — which is the only thing that makes a published figure reproducible a year later.

Sensor time series exploration. Zarr or Parquet store → xarray → SciPy filtering and resampling → hvPlot

xarray keeps coordinates (time, channel, run ID) attached through the pipeline, so slicing by condition does not depend on positional indexing. Chunked reads through Zarr allow working with recordings larger than memory. Interactive plots with datashader-backed rendering handle multi-million-point traces.